Case Study: Respiratory Infection Patient Information:

• Name: Sarah Smith • Age: 25 • Gender: Female • Occupation: Teacher • Medical History: No significant medical history reported.

Presenting Complaint: Sarah Smith presents to the clinic with complaints of cough, fever, and difficulty breathing for the past week. She reports a productive cough with yellowish-green sputum and chest tightness. Physical Examination Findings:

• Vital Signs: BP 110/70 mmHg, HR 90 bpm, RR 20 breaths/min, Temp 101.2°F • General: Alert and oriented, appears ill • Respiratory: Decreased breath sounds and crackles heard bilaterally on auscultation • Cardiovascular: Regular rhythm, no murmurs or abnormal sounds • Abdomen: Soft, non-tender, no organomegaly • Neurological: Intact cranial nerves, normal motor and sensory functions

Laboratory Investigations:

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Elevated white blood cell count (WBC) with left shift • Chest X-ray: Infiltrates in bilateral lower lung fields consistent with pneumonia •

Diagnosis: Sarah Smith is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia based on her clinical presentation, physical examination findings, and radiological evidence. Questions for Students:

1. What are the common signs and symptoms of community-acquired pneumonia? 2. Describe the typical findings on physical examination and chest X-ray in patients with

pneumonia. 3. What are the most common pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia, and

how would you choose empirical antibiotic therapy in this patient? 4. Discuss the management of community-acquired pneumonia, including non-

pharmacological measures and potential complications to monitor for.

Case Study: Iron Deficiency Anemia Patient Information:

• Name: John Doe • Age: 35 • Gender: Male • Occupation: Construction Worker • Medical History: No significant medical history reported.

Presenting Complaint: John Doe presents to the clinic with complaints of fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath on exertion for the past few months. He reports feeling unusually tired, even after a full night’s sleep, and has noticed increased paleness of his skin and conjunctiva. Physical Examination Findings:

• Vital Signs: BP 120/80 mmHg, HR 80 bpm, RR 16 breaths/min, Temp 98.6°F • General: Pale skin and conjunctiva, fatigue apparent • Cardiovascular: Regular rhythm, no murmurs or abnormal sounds • Respiratory: Clear lung fields bilaterally • Abdomen: Soft, non-tender, no organomegaly • Neurological: Intact cranial nerves, normal motor and sensory functions

Laboratory Investigations:

• Hemoglobin (Hb): 9.5 g/dL (Normal range: 13.5-17.5 g/dL) • Hematocrit (Hct): 29% (Normal range: 40-50%) • Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): 75 fL (Normal range: 80-100 fL) • Serum Iron: 25 mcg/dL (Normal range: 60-170 mcg/dL) • Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC): 400 mcg/dL (Normal range: 250-450 mcg/dL) • Ferritin: 10 ng/mL (Normal range: 30-400 ng/mL)

Diagnosis: John Doe is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia based on his clinical presentation, physical examination findings, and laboratory results. Questions for Students:

1. What are the common signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia? 2. Explain the laboratory findings in John Doe’s case and how they support the diagnosis of

iron deficiency anemia. 3. What are the potential causes of iron deficiency anemia in adults, and how would you

approach further investigations in this patient? 4. Discuss the treatment options for iron deficiency anemia, including dietary

recommendations and pharmacological interventions.