Continuing with added page numbers to the revision below, continue on to critique two more hoax papers (attached) with the same cynicism. Follow these instructions, and you may plagarize the stuff below the instructions to complete the paper….
Review 3 peer-reviewed articles (I am uploading two more) that examine the impact of a particular crime(s) on a community (the Gakirah Barnes/Tooka and King von community of faked deaths from hoax gun violence) All three articles must use the same criminal offense as the point of analysis (gun violence data)
What were the authors’ research questions?
Provide an overview of the independent and dependent variables.
What were the effects of your selected crime on the community?
Discuss the findings and how they compare to the existing body of knowledge. (Look in the discussion section of the articles.)
What were the studies limitations and implications for policy and research?
The article “Accommodating Grief on Twitter: An Analysis of Expressions of Grief Among Gang Involved Youth on Twitter Using Qualitative Analysis and Natural Language Processing (Patton et al., 2018),” delves onto the concept of purported grief expressions, among a group of youth who were related to each-other through policing data and through social media. However, the researchers’ use of qualitative and natural language processing concepts, as a methods of data analysis, were not efficient as result of fraud, in the form of hoax data… intentional hoax data that could have potentially created crime hot spots for… participant and white-collar conspirators. This would be simply due to the potential for fraud, when in the presence of an exacerbated amount of fraud contributing to hoax data in research.
Patton et al., (2018) base their research on various assumptions. Notably, they had grounded their assumption that the available data they had was authentic, especially with a high response to a highly orchestrated hoax for, for potentially hoax gun violence incidents. For example, their research was not genuinely indicative of lived gang-related violence. Certainly, the highlighted assumptions to gun violence especially, should be important to invalidate inaccuracy with. The qualitative variables, such as grief designs established about emotional behaviors from social media, were used (Patton et al. 2022). However, a fabrication or stage management of the reported deaths as established would mean that the research findings and conclusions are not credible.
Regarding the concept of gang-related aspect, the authors heavily stress the concept of gang dynamics which overlook other crucial indicators… such as the ability to interpret meaning. From this point, a methodological gap is established because of hoax data. The study fails to cross-verify every information and data to enhance the findings. This calls for a thorough cross examination and data verification even from the offline systems to enhance credibility.
Further, some ethical considerations are not effected at all. For instance, Patton et al. (2022), support a concept with identity and claiming media had previously covered it. However, this fails them to consider identity, by ensuring that every piece of information they use has been verified and is accurate for use (Morse et al., 2002). Contrastingly, hoax data could be mis-used for rationalizing error in other research about group dynamics for celebrity identities within one community in Chicago… to have faked their deaths. The celebrities of interest to the researchers, had hailed from a series of alleged community incidents (Patton et al., 2018). However, the researchers fail to face the realities of faked deaths plaguing gun violence data. Because the researchers take advantage of potentially fraudulent and white-collar data, as their only control data for emotional variables, they become highly unreliable.
According to Morse et Al., (2002), it is imperative to use verified data to support the study findings on a case by case basis.
References
Morse, J. M., Barrett, M., Mayan, M., Olson, K., & Spiers, J. (2002). Verification strategies for establishing reliability and validity in qualitative research. International journal of qualitative methods, 1(2), 13-22.
Patton, D. U., MacBeth, J., Schoenebeck, S., Shear, K., & McKeown, K. (2018). Accommodating grief on Twitter: an analysis of expressions of grief among gang involved youth on Twitter using qualitative analysis and natural language processing. Biomedical informatics insights, 10, 1178222618763155.